联合概率法在合并相邻台网地震目录中的应用:以2014年鲁甸序列为例          下载免费PDF全文

龙锋  蒋长胜  祁玉萍  刘自凤  傅莺 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2815-2827

中国目前实行的区域地震台网独立运行机制，使得在相邻不同台网的交界地区可能存在多个版本的地震目录和震相观测报告，影响了地震活动性分析与研究.为此，本文提出了一种基于联合概率的方法，可标明两个或多个相邻台网目录中相同的事件，合并它们的震相数据开展重新定位，并重构不同台网交界地区的统一地震目录.该方法的思路与分析步骤是：首先，计算获得不同台网之间具有最小发震时刻差异的两两地震的时空强差异分布，查找并剔除独立地震，计算事件合并的联合概率；其次，基于联合概率分析合并不同台网的地震目录和震相观测报告，对合并事件进行重新定位和定位误差分析，并基于G-R关系检验重构目录的完整性.本文以2014年鲁甸地震序列为例的初步应用结果显示，震相合并之后的地震定位精度相比之前单个台网的结果，特别是相比四川台网的目录，定位精度提高非常显著，合并后的目录与之前相对完整的云南目录接近，但相比由两个台网目录简单拼凑而成的目录更加准确.此外，研究还发现在目录合并过程中，对于4级以上的中强震，应选择M_S而不是以M_L震级标度；震相合并后被复用台站记录的到时信息可用于检测不同台网间的震相拾取是否存在系统偏差.本文提出的方法使得在相邻不同台网的过渡区形成一个统一且尽可能准确可靠的地震目录成为可能.  相似文献   

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block     

Fu Ying  Hu Bin  Long Feng  Wang Shiyuan 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):470-481

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, we employed a multi-step seismic location method (Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment. The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, the Anninghe fault zone, the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe, Anninghe, and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region, Shimian, where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20km, which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,(2005).  相似文献   

脐带缆螺旋滑移分析及力学性能研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李英  吴潘  冯雅萍  曹静萱 《海洋工程》2018,36(6):58-68

针对脐带缆内部螺旋层,应用Darboux标架建立螺旋结构空间坐标系,推导弯曲载荷下螺旋结构的局部变形和滑移。考虑螺旋构件间的接触和摩擦作用,建立螺旋结构的受力平衡偏微分方程,并研究螺旋角和摩擦系数对螺旋结构滑移的影响。基于同层螺旋结构本构关系相同假设,将所有螺旋结构力学性能线性叠加,拟合脐带缆整体弯曲刚度。运用建立的理论解析方法,对某双层铠装脐带缆的力学性能进行研究,并与数值模拟结果进行对比验证。对比结果表明,理论解析得到的螺旋滑移结果与数值模拟结果一致,理论解析得到的脐带缆弯曲刚度与数值模拟结果在全滑动阶段比较接近。  相似文献   

机载条纹管成像激光雷达在拍岸区探测水雷          下载免费PDF全文

王力  刘峡  王玥  吴中平 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(1):30-33

为了解决拍岸区水雷探测的问题，以无人机为载体的条纹管成像蓝绿激光雷达可以用来扫描、识别水雷，蓝绿激光成像雷达白天和夜晚均可以稳定成像，机载探测方式相对于水下、水面等传统探测方式效率也可以提高，机载激光雷达可由小型船舶、小型汽车等多平台携带使用。  相似文献   

Electron acceleration behind a wavy dipolarization front     

Mingyu Wu  Quanming Lu  Martin Volwerk  Rumi Nakamura  Tielong Zhang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(2):22

In this paper, with the in-situ observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes we report a wavy dipolarization front (DF) event, where the DF has different magnetic structures and electron distributions at different \(y\) positions in the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates. At \(y \sim2.1R_{E}\) (\(R_{E}\) is the radius of Earth), the DF has a relatively simple structure, which is similar to that of a conventional DF. At \(y \sim3.0R_{E}\), the DF is revealed to have a multiple DF structure, where the plasma exhibits a vortex flow. Such a wavy DF could be the results of the interchange instability. The different structure of such a wavy DF at different sites has a great effect on electron acceleration. Fermi acceleration can occur at the site of the DF with a simple or multiple DF structure, while betatron acceleration as a local process has the contribution to energetic electrons only at the site of the DF with a simple structure.  相似文献   

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests     

Zhong‐Xian Li  Kun Wu  Yundong Shi  Ning Li  Yang Ding 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2315-2332

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.  相似文献   

Efficient Modeling of Gravity Fields Caused by Sources with Arbitrary Geometry and Arbitrary Density Distribution     

Leyuan Wu 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(3):401-434

We present a brief review of gravity forward algorithms in Cartesian coordinate system, including both space-domain and Fourier-domain approaches, after which we introduce a truly general and efficient algorithm, namely the convolution-type Gauss fast Fourier transform (Conv-Gauss-FFT) algorithm, for 2D and 3D modeling of gravity potential and its derivatives due to sources with arbitrary geometry and arbitrary density distribution which are defined either by discrete or by continuous functions. The Conv-Gauss-FFT algorithm is based on the combined use of a hybrid rectangle-Gaussian grid and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. Since the gravity forward problem in Cartesian coordinate system can be expressed as continuous convolution-type integrals, we first approximate the continuous convolution by a weighted sum of a series of shifted discrete convolutions, and then each shifted discrete convolution, which is essentially a Toeplitz system, is calculated efficiently and accurately by combining circulant embedding with the FFT algorithm. Synthetic and real model tests show that the Conv-Gauss-FFT algorithm can obtain high-precision forward results very efficiently for almost any practical model, and it works especially well for complex 3D models when gravity fields on large 3D regular grids are needed.  相似文献   

Assessment of alternative adsorption models and global sensitivity analysis to characterize hexavalent chromium loss from soil to surface runoff          下载免费PDF全文

Chuan‐An Xia  Juxiu Tong  Bill X. Hu  Xiujie Wu  Alberto Guadagnini 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3140-3157

We investigate our ability to assess transfer of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from the soil to surface runoff by considering the effect of coupling diverse adsorption models with a two‐layer solute transfer model. Our analyses are grounded on a set of two experiments associated with soils characterized by diverse particle size distributions. Our study is motivated by the observation that Cr(VI) is receiving much attention for the assessment of environmental risks due to its high solubility, mobility, and toxicological significance. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is considered to be at equilibrium in the mixing layer under our experimental conditions. Four adsorption models, that is, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, constitute our set of alternative (competing) mathematical formulations. Experimental results reveal that the soil samples characterized by the finest grain sizes are associated with the highest release of Cr(VI) to runoff. We compare the relative abilities of the four models to interpret experimental results through maximum likelihood model calibration and four model identification criteria (i.e., the Akaike information criteria [AIC and AIC_C] and the Bayesian and Kashyap information criteria). Our study results enable us to rank the tested models on the basis of a set of posterior weights assigned to each of them. A classical variance‐based global sensitivity analysis is then performed to assess the relative importance of the uncertain parameters associated with each of the models considered, within subregions of the parameter space. In this context, the modelling strategy resulting from coupling the Langmuir isotherm with a two‐layer solute transfer model is then evaluated as the most skilful for the overall interpretation of both sets of experiments. Our results document that (a) the depth of the mixing layer is the most influential factor for all models tested, with the exception of the Freundlich isotherm, and (b) the total sensitivity of the adsorption parameters varies in time, with a trend to increase as time progresses for all of the models. These results suggest that adsorption has a significant effect on the uncertainty associated with the release of Cr(VI) from the soil to the surface runoff component.  相似文献   

Intermediate to Long-term Estimation of Strong Earthquake Risk Areas in the Chinese Mainland Based on Geodesic Measurements     

Zhang Jing  Zhu Yiqing  Wu Yanqiang  Zhang Xi  Yang Guohua 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):153-172

Based on previous research results, present-day crustal deformation and gravity fields in the Chinese mainland are analyzed using the GPS data, leveling, gravity and cross-fault deformations. We analyzed strain accumulation of the major faults, and identified locked or high strain accumulation segments. Combining the effects of large earthquakes in the study area, the long-term (decade) probability of large earthquakes in the Chinese mainland is estimated.  相似文献   

Extreme Flood Events over the Past 300 Years Inferred from Lake Sedimentary Grain Sizes in the Altay Mountains,Northwestern China     

Jianchao Zhou  Jinglu Wu  Haiao Zeng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(5):773-783

Understanding the temporal variations of extreme floods that occur in response to climate change is essential to anticipate the trends in flood magnitude and frequency in the context of global warming. However, long-term records of paleofloods in arid regions are scarce, thus preventing a thorough understanding of such events. In this study, a reconstruction of paleofloods over the past 300 years was conducted through an analysis of grain sizes from the sediments of Kanas Lake in the Altay Mountains of northwestern China. Results showed that grain parameters and frequency distributions can be used to infer possible abrupt environmental events within the lake sedimentary sequence, and two extreme flood events corresponding to ca. 1736–1765 AD and ca. 1890 AD were further identified based on canonical discriminant analysis(CDA) and coarse percentile versus median grain size(C-M) pattern analysis, both of which occurred during warmer and wetter climate conditions by referring to tree-ring records. These two flood events are also evidenced by lake sedimentary records in the Altay and Tianshan mountains. Furthermore, through a comparison with other records, the flood event from ca. 1736–1765 AD in the study region seems to have occurred in both the arid central Asia and the Alps in Europe, and thus may have been associated with changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) index.  相似文献